Child Vulnerability and Mental Health Outcomes after...

Background Major natural disasters such as hurricanes, earthquakes and floods often precipitate sudden emergencies, which have significant impact on all domains of life for affected populations. Children are a particularly vulnerable group to the effects of natural disasters, with unique physical, developmental, and psychosocial characteristics that place them at high risk for adverse outcomes (Murray, 2011). Some of the consequences for children after natural disasters include physical insecurity, poor living conditions and displacement, and disruption to community life. Numerous children may also be left orphaned after the loss of one or both parents. The aftermath of natural disasters place children at risk for adverse physical but†¦show more content†¦2010). Large numbers of children lost their parents or siblings due to the Indian Ocean tsunami, with estimates of at least 1000 children orphaned by the disaster (UNICEF THAILAND) Grief and bereavement was seen in many of these children, however, developmentally, children may struggle to express their negative emotions to the disaster. Instead, they may display depressed mood, frequent crying and irritability, as well as hyperactivity or difficulty with concentration and even violent behaviour (Pairojkul et al. 2010). These psychological disturbances may negatively affect child growth and development, and may last beyond one year after the disaster. McLaughlin et al. (2010) showed around 11% of children to have ongoing emotional disturbance even 3 years after the Katrina hurricane, with aggression, excess fear, withdrawal and signs of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) being displayed. Risk factors suggested for intensified responses include preceding problems within the family unit or community structure and orphan status prior to the disaster. Indeed, the symptoms of PTSD in Sri Lankan children affected by both civil war and a natural disaster with the tsunami was as high as 40%, with the cumulative exposure to trauma and stress being a significant predictor for adverse mental health outcomes (Neuner et al. 2006). Psychological approaches for children in disaster response With the potential long lasting psychological effects after disasters, acuteShow MoreRelatedThe Use Of Art Therapy After Disaster1637 Words   |  7 Pages Art Therapy after Disaster Lori A. Davis Current Trends in Art Therapy Professor Orr July 3, 2015 Abstract The use of art therapy after a disaster is an emerging approach to dealing with trauma. Disaster can result from natural events, manmade events, personal events, or a combination of any of these. Adults, families, and communities go through considerable suffering during disaster and deal with many trauma related symptoms and issues. Children experience trauma in dissimilarRead MoreGender-Based Disaster Relief And Ngo Efforts: A Case Study10156 Words   |  41 Pages Gender-Based Disaster Relief and NGO Efforts: A case study of the majhi community in the 2015 Earthquake. By RABINA KC (201529240001) SCHOOL OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND PUBLIC POLICY BEIJING NORMAL UNIVERSITY SUPERVISOR YANG LICHAO 1. Introduction 1.1. Background In Nepal, on 25th April 2015 Saturday at 11;56 local times, a 7.6 magnitude earthquake hit Barpak in the historic district of Gorkha, about 76 km northwest of Kathmandu. Since the major shock till 7th June 2015, there were 300Read MoreNationwide Preparation Level for Mass Casualty Incidents in Schools4623 Words   |  18 Pagesschool members (Council on School Health, 2008). The need for school emergency planning has been recognized for a long time, but until the last few decades, attention fell solely on preparing for natural disasters such as fires, tornadoes, and earthquakes. However, due to a series of heavily mediated school shootings starting with the late 1990s, efforts increased considerably to cover the need for school emergency planning and the importance of coordinated disaster response to a school-located massRead MoreChild Vulnerability And Marginalisation Of Children Essay2580 Words   |  11 PagesChild vulnerability and marginalisation can be considered as two side s of same coin. Child is vulnerable as result they get marginalised easily. Children can be defined as a section in a society who are vulnerable. Vulnerability and marginalisation are the terms linked with social exclusion. Vulnerability and marginalisation facing by a group or section leads to the exclusion of that section from the society. Vulnerable children can be defined as the children belong to a particular age group whoRead MoreTraumatic Effects And Responses Of The United States2866 Words   |  12 Pageswithout any fear of traumatic reminders crippling the quality of their lives. To explore the outcome of spirituality and religion, this research paper will explain in detail the benefits of patients engaging in religious teachings and spiritual rituals in boosting their inner being. Trauma Its termed as an emotional aftermath because of major events such as war, rape, kidnapping, abuse or surviving a natural calamity that an individual directly experienced. Traumatic reactions are usually normalRead MoreDr. William Ventress Labels Are Limiting1936 Words   |  8 Pageswill have experienced a year in poverty, by retirement age that number jumps to more than half, and by 85, two-thirds.3 Poverty will become reality for most of us at some point in our lives, and consequently we should all be more concerned with the outcomes of those in poverty. Blank, during a 13-year study observed that â€Å"only 4.5 percent of poor people fell below the poverty line for each of the 13 years.†4 What these statistics demonstrate is that we’re failing in our endeavor to end poverty. WhileRead More Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Essay2174 Words   |  9 Pagesskepticism and dismissal by the public of the validity of the illness. PTSD was only widely accepted when it was included as a diagnosis in 1980 in the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III) of the American Psychiatric Association. PTSD is a complex mental disorder that develops in response to exposure to a severe traumatic event that stems a cluster of symptoms. Being afflicted with the disorder is debilitating, disrupting an individual’s ability to functionRead MoreCommunity Health Nursing Final Exam Study Guide Essay15874 Words   |  64 Pages-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Health care for homeless, why is it so costly? They typically have to stay in the hospital for a longer amount of time because they have a lot more co-morbidities that need to be treated. Being brought to the ED is extremely expensive. Critical interventions are very costly, and so are all the diagnostic tests that must be done. They usually don’t have insurance. High mental heath issues in the homeless population. High risk for infectionsRead MoreEssay Psych Research3628 Words   |  15 PagesLocation :Evansville, In 47747 Years of Experience :2+​ to 5 Years Career Level Experienced (Non-Manager) Job Reference Code 18114800 CHILD PYCHOLOGIST About the Job Child/Pediatric Psychologist: Deaconess Clinic is seeking a full-time child/pediatric psychologist specializing in behavioral intervention strategies who will be part of a Behavioral Health team comprised of seven providers. The primary responsibility of this position will be to deliver outpatient diagnostic and treatment servicesRead MoreStress, Stressors and Stress Responses Essay3960 Words   |  16 Pagesincrease the risk of developing health problems, such as cardiovascular disease and anxiety disorders. This bad kind of stress is called distress, the kind of stress that people usually are referring to when they use the word stress. A convenient way to think about stress is in terms of stressors and stress responses. Stressors are events that threaten or challenge people. They are the sources of stress, such as having to make decisions, getting married, and natural disasters. Stress responses are psychological

The War Of The Cold War - 2838 Words

Espionage has become one of the greatest attacks to any nation’s ability to conduct complex or simple operations in any environment. For many nation’s they must rely on people who tend to fail and become prone to mistakes. Complex ideas and emotions drive people, and these often interfere with a government’s plans. Even worse, as a government attempts to assess each individual holding sensitive positions or knowledge, individuals frequently change and become swayed by new circumstances. The United States (U.S.) learned many of its policies and practices during and after World War II. During, and many years after, the U.S. found itself in an arms race with Russia. During this era, there were no rounds fired at each other, but they used the†¦show more content†¦The community would work together equally distributing goods and services to each other and humankind would live in harmony. This ideology spread throughout the eastern world influencing World War I I and continuing to impact modern politics. This especially becomes important to the Cold War and a feeling of nationalism for U.S. citizens during the Cold War. In 1917, the USSR began a revolution. Following World War I Russia realized it was far behind the major powers of the world. Russia was stuck in imperialism while the major powers of the world changed through industrialization. Russia had sustained the greatest losses of World War I to include lives, economy, and land. These essential elements led to a revolution of the laboring force as they sought socialism and industrialization. It began with small riots and led to massive closures of factories while people were starving. The Russian government, in one of the easiest coups in history, stepped aside leading to a socialist reform. Before the year ended, the extreme Bolshevik party seized control of the government. During the next four years, the leader of the Bolshevik party, Vladimir Lenin, set a twenty-five year goal for Russia to industrialize and reach communism. By 1922, Joseph Stalin took control of the government and began aShow MoreRelatedThe War Of The Cold War1644 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cold War was a state of political and military tension stemming from World War II fought primarily between the United States and the Soviet Union. Although the start and end dates of the Cold War are frequently disputed over, it is generally accepted that the conflict started at the conclusion of the Second World War and stemmed from the social climate and lingering tensions in Europe and the increasing power struggles between the Soviet Union and the United States. Along with economic separationRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War Essay1525 Words   |  7 PagesOne major war ended and another to begin. The Cold war lasted about 45 years. There were no direct military campaigns between the United States and Soviet Union. However, billions of dollars and millions of lives were lost. The United States emerged as the greatest power from World War 2. (Give Me Liberty 896) The country boasted about having the most powerful navy and air force. The United states accounted fo r about half of the world’s manufacturing capacity, which it alone created the atomic bombRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War886 Words   |  4 Pagesin an infamous battle against ideologies: The Cold War. Even though war took place during this time, both powers were not involved in battle directly, hence the name cold war. The war mainly consisted of assumed and implied threats of nuclear attacks and political control over states in Europe. Even before 1945, the beginning of the Cold War, tension brewed between the U.S and the U.S.S.R. Both sides had differing views on Europe s state after the war. For instance, programs like the Marshall PlanRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War757 Words   |  4 PagesAs tensions continued to augment profoundly throughout the latter half of the Cold War period, they brought forth a movement from a previous bipolar conflicting course, to one of a more multipolar nature. These tensions were now not only restricted to the Soviet Union and United st ates, but amongst multiple other nations of the globe. It became a general consensus that a notion of ‘peace’ was sought globally, hence, the emergence of dà ©tente. The nature of this idea in the short term conveyed itselfRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War961 Words   |  4 Pages1945, beginning year of the Cold War. The development of cold war just started after the end of world War ||. The cold war was the result of conflict between two powerful country Soviet Union and United State. The war was regarding to the lead the world after the World War ||. The Soviet Union wanted to emerge its power to the world and so do the United States too. The research paper mainly focused on various reasons of opposition of two great power of the world Soviets and United States of AmericaRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War1737 Words   |  7 Pages Cold War The Cold War, which is often dated from 1945 to 1989, was a constant state of political and military tension between powers in the West, dominated by the United States with NATO among its allies, and powers in the East, dominated by the Soviet Union along with the Warsaw Pact. The development of Nuclear Weapons and long range shooting missiles by the United States gave a lot of fear and caused mass destruction. The Cold War came about after World War II when America used their atomic bombsRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War1123 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cold War consist of tensions between the Soviets and the U.S. vying for dominance, and expansion throughout the world. Their complete different ideologies and vision of the postwar prevented them from working together. Stalin wants to punish Germany and make them pay outrageous sum of money for reparation. However, Truman has a different plan than Stalin. Truman believes that industrialization and democracy in Germany and throughout th e world would ensure postwar stability. Stalin also wantedRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War942 Words   |  4 PagesFeelings Do Matter At the close of World War Two in 1945, the United States entered another kind of war, the Cold War, which did not involve two adversaries in open battle fields using bullets against the Soviet Union. Throughout the Cold War, incidents fueled feelings of anxiety, mistrust and pride. Often pride is defined as â€Å"a feeling that you are more important or better than other people† (Pride). Mistrust on the other hand is the â€Å"feeling that someone is not honest and cannot be trusted†,Read MoreThe War Of The Cold War1636 Words   |  7 PagesThe U.S. learned greatly after having been declared the victor of the Cold War. Retired four-star U.S. Army general Colin Powell said, â€Å"The long bitter years of the Cold War are over. America and her allies have won; totally, decisively, and overwhelmingly† (Reed 343). The Cold War started after World War II in 1947 and ended in 1991. The U.S. underwent a political war with the Soviet Union in hopes of advancing more rapidly in certain fields, such as nuclear weapons and space crafts. Avoiding nuclearRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War1244 Words   |  5 PagesBoos echoed throughout the streets of Harlem, New York in great waves of disapproval. Hippies holding up signs supporting peace, and posters opposing the Vietnam War, otherwise known as the Cold War, greeted the tired and injured soldiers. The familiarity of their hometown created a sense of peace and warmth, despite the angry cries of protest from the enraged nonconformists. As loved ones embraced their fighters, chants of outrage broke out from the hippies, and the soldiers, relieved to be home

Book Review †a Matter of Principle Free Essays

A Review of Conrad Black’s A Matter of Principle Conrad Moffat Black, former newspaper tycoon, historian and celebrity is an interesting man, to say the least. The topic of his fall from professional, financial and social grace is legendary and is one that still elicits numerous newspaper columns and debates. The latest matter of interest in his lengthy protracted battle is his extraordinary memoir, A Matter of Principle. We will write a custom essay sample on Book Review – a Matter of Principle or any similar topic only for you Order Now Written largely from his prison cell in Coleman Federal Correction Complex in Florida, the book is a compelling narrative of his tribulations. With his command of the English language, Lord Black is at once strikingly eloquent, acidly cynical, ferociously angry, and surprisingly funny. However, the book teeters at the edge of being nothing more than a self-glorified memoir, laced with attacks on detractors. In the first three chapters of the book, Black charts his illustrious newspaper career, beginning from U. K. ’s Telegraph to his crowning achievement – National Post. And in between his tales of rubbing shoulders with the powerful, he offers his take on world affairs, yet almost ironically maintains that he has never exercised his power to sway public policy. He also spares a page-and-half to rant on Jean Chretien for opposing his proposed dual citizenship (Black was to be inducted into the British House of Lords). Near the end of Chapter three, the readers are also introduced to some of Black’s questionable activities – the sale of Hollinger Inc. ’s newspaper properties to CanWest, and the resultant non-compete payments. Chapter four marks the beginning of Black’s misfortune as he describes the investigation by Hollinger’s audit committee into the company’s funds. The Hollinger board, summarized by Black in painfully boring detail, ultimately dismisses him as CEO and charges him of accepting unauthorized non-compete payments from companies buying newspapers from Hollinger. The next three chapters explore Black’s tarnished public image and dwindling personal wealth as he is relieved of all directorships and is permanently ousted from Hollinger International. In Chapter 7, Black is charged with new S. E. C. civil infractions following the release of â€Å"A Corporate Kleptocracy†, a report (by Richard Breeeden) on Hollinger’s practices. The momentum picks up again at the conclusion of chapter 9, as Black recounts being secretly videotaped while clearing out his Toronto offices; his actions land him with charges of obstruction of justice. Over the next four chapters, Black recounts his trial process and ends his story with the final hearing in Chicago that found him guilty. One of the first weaknesses a keen reader will spot is that Black struggles to find an appropriate voice in the two hundred pages of the book. He attempts at a conversational tone, but comes off as oddly detached. The lack of a definitive theme is also due to Black’s breezy narrative that dashes from one key life event to the next. He jumps from his university days, to advising the Prime Minister of Britain, to the 1996 London bombings. Though enjoyable, these are only longing reminiscences of an imprisoned man, rather than key elements of his harrowing journey that forms the remainder of the book. In fact, it is only in page 269 that readers see Black defending the principles he alludes to in the book’s title. That being said, these sundry recollections offer readers a respite from detailed corporate machinations, which are also present in the first two hundred pages of the book. Black risks losing his readers when he delves into corporate debt reorganizations and share buy-backs that are both boring and confusing to the non-business mind. Hence, the narrative remains almost disjointed in the first third of the book, until Black is stripped of his title at Hollinger International, setting in motion the events that form the bulk of the book. The biggest flaw in the book is Black’s unmistakable bias, as he categorizes individuals based on their stance on his guilt or innocence; those who believe in his innocence are virtuous, while those convinced of his guild are either wrong or misguided. In his own words â€Å"no one except me was telling the truth, but it wasn’t clear who was lying and who was merely mistaken. † Similarly, when court decisions go against him they are hopelessly wrong and indicative of the flaws of the judicial system, but when a decision is made in his favour, it is absolutely correct and undisputed. While it is obvious that the prosecution and conviction of Black is the prism through which the story is told, it becomes tiresome when the readers are incessantly conditioned to view Black as the lone voice of truth in the midst of the deceit and lies. Moreover, the means and the extent to which Black denounces his opponents, perceived or real can be quite off-putting. In Black’s story, his greatest villains are Richard Breeden and David Radler. Breeden was the former chair of the S. E. C and the man behind the â€Å"Corporate Kleptocracy† report that resulted in Black’s criminal charges. Black’s attack on Breeden is quite spiteful; Black describes him as â€Å"Round, flabby face; dull, lifeless eyes behind thick spectacles†¦with the bloodless, piscine coldness of someone whose power vastly exceeded his intelligence. Radler was a long-time associate of Black’s who made a plea bargain with American prosecutors in exchange for providing evidence against Black. On Radler, he says â€Å"It was naturally a very strange experience listening to his false incrimination of me but also seeing his squinty, evasive eyes†¦he looked like a man bound for the gallows, worn down as much by a knowledge of his own wretchedness as by the impending punishment† Expectably, Black’s acid remarks are not just for Breeden and Radler; he slams all those involved in his downfall. On Paul Healy, Hollinger’s V. P. of investor relations, Black says â€Å"he had a little porcine face so puffy it made his spectacles seem smaller†¦ a maladjusted, scheming courtier, alternately fawning and snarling at the hand that fed him for so long. † Black specifically saves a lot of firepower on Eddie Greenspan, his lead defence attorney who fizzled in American courts; he says â€Å"The deterioration of such a man is objectively sad, and is made more so by the inelegance of his acts of denial and displacement of responsibility for his own shortcomings and aggressive paranoia. On the jury that convicted him, he says, â€Å"I was unprepared for such a procession of mainly monosyllabic and listless people. † Such vilifying attacks are a few of many examples of Black’s verbal war on his critics. While his anger towards his critics is understandable, what is frustrating is his tendency to engage in baseless reporting. For instance, he declares that twenty percent of his fellow inmates were entirely innocent, a number seemingly plucked solely based on his conversations with his fellow inmates. Also according to him, the U. S. government fills its prison system with unemployed visible minorities in order to keep unemployment rate down. Black risks losing his already damaged credibility with such uncorroborated statements. For all of the book’s weaknesses, Black redeems himself, at least partially, with his superb prose and infectious ardour. The book is a delectable read simply based on its literary merits. Some paragraphs are worth rereading just to be admired as works of art. The paragraphs in which he expresses his love and loyalty for his wife, his late brother or even deceased friends are quite moving and stand out as great examples of his powerful prose. Indeed, in the hands of a less assured writer, the story of Black’s clash with his opponents would have been a bombastic mess, but after his initial struggles Black offers a gripping tale of his  ordeal. When Black’s passion for defending his honour is coupled with his mastery of the language, what you get is a riveting experience. The broad ethical issues raised in A Matter of Principle revolve around the integrity of senior executives and ethical corruption. Black’s case is as much about breaking the law as it is getting entangled in ethical gray areas. Tweedy Browne, a U. S investment firm that owned 18% of Hollinger International accused Black and other directors of awarding themselves with unauthorized management payments and millions of dollars of non-competition fees through Ravelston, Black’s personal equity company. Black was ultimately found guilty of a slew of charges including fraud, money laundering and obstruction of justice. Given that Black has penned the book himself, he defends his actions vehemently. He maintains that the Audit Committee explicitly approved the non-competition payments (totalling $80 million). On the management fees, he states that â€Å"the total of what we received had been sharply reduced when we shrank the company. † Overall, the ethical issues in the book highlight the importance of fiduciary duty – the duty of a senior executive to the shareholders of the company. The book also highlights the power of intelligent shareholder activism, as practiced by Tweedy Browne, which ultimately resulted in Black’s downfall. Ultimately, A Matter of Principle is a powerful read. While the book is bogged down with bilious attacks against Black’s critics, it packs a powerful punch. Black’s eloquence in describing the viciousness of the prosecutorial efforts and the harshness of his punishment is breathtaking. His continued insistence on his honesty and innocence is also admirable. His intention with this book does not seem to be to sway readers’ opinions, but rather to settle accounts. Whether he has achieved this or not, one this is for sure, Conrad Black’s story will not fade from memory for many years to come. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. (pg. 46-90), A Matter of Principle [ 2 ]. (pg. 182-198) [ 3 ]. (pg. 142) [ 4 ]. (pg. 135) [ 5 ]. (pg. 392) [ 6 ]. (pg. 401) [ 7 ]. (pg. 418) [ 8 ]. (pg. 277) [ 9 ]. (pg. 465) [ 10 ]. (pg. 514) [ 11 ]. (pg. 146) [ 12 ]. (pg. 96) [ 13 ]. (pg. 97) How to cite Book Review – a Matter of Principle, Essay examples

Multimorbidity and Our Healthcare System

Question: Compare and contrast the UK healthcare system with ONE country? Answer: Each and every country in the world has a healthcare system to provide all round services related to health at an affordable cost. They all are in a continuous struggle to balance the access and quality of the healthcare services with the affordability. In case of high income countries, this challenge demands more research in the health sector, but in case of low income countries such as India this challenge is burdened with many more other challenges such as poverty, shortage of trained health service providers, lack of infrastructure etc. In this essay we will compare and contrast the health care system of the United Kingdom and India. Though the health care system of India has evolved from the British colonial root, the healthcare systems of the two countries are very different from each other both in terms of organization and expenditure. According to the ranking provided by the World Health Organization based on the healthcare system of 191 countries in 2000, the rank of the UK was 15 whereas the rank of India was 112. According to the report the expenditure of the UK in the health sector is around 9.6% of the GDP whereas in case of India it is only about 4.1% of the GDP. The contribution of the public in the overall expenditure related to health care is 81.7% whereas in case of India it is only about 26.2% (Slideshare.net, 2015). The healthcare system of the UK is very organized and based on the model of National Health Service or NHS. This model was introduced in the year 1948. This model is based on the principle of universality i.e. according to the NHS, the health care services should be available to all regardless of their social and economic condition. This NHS model of health care system is fully funded by the government so it is free at the delivery point except for certain services such as optical and dental services. The NHS health services provide a broad range of services free of cost which includes routine health check, long term medical treatment, transplantation of organ surgeries, emergency treatments etc (Peckham, 2014). The health care providers are funded by the government which in turn is funded by the public through the general taxation process. The policies of the NHS system are set and regulated by the Department of Health. It is a government regulated body and is headed by the Secretar y who remains answerable to the parliament. Several governing bodies provide assistance to The Department of Health for its proper functioning and these include- The Care Quality Commission or CQC, the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence or NICE and the Health Protection Agency or HPA (Gulland, 2011). Though originated from the British root, the health care system of India is much unorganized. The largest portion of the health care services in India is provided by the private sector as the burden of health care has become too much to bear for the government budget. The services provided by the government are taken care of at the state and the local level. The health system of India includes private hospitals, public hospitals and specialized Ayurvedic hospitals who offer traditional methods of treatment (Glouberman, 2014). Instead of a particular model the health care system of India is governed by many schemes and programmes for various socioeconomic, age group of people. Some of these services include Swastha Bima Yojna, Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojna etc. only the cost of emergency treatment and hospitalization is covered by the health insurance in India (Pandve and Pandve, 2013). Other care must be paid for upfront. Government funded hospitals generally provide general ba sic care but the infrastructure of these hospitals are very poor and often lack qualified health professionals. Generally people with sound economic condition prefer to go to the private hospitals that offer a much better standard of care but are affordable to only a limited group of people (Singh, 2013). If we compare the health care system of both the countries, it can be clearly seen that, the health care service of the UK is funded by the government through the process of general taxation and for this it is free to all who are permanent residents of the UK. The private health care sector of the UK is much smaller than the public sector and the expenditure is mainly covered by the health insurance. On the other hand, majority of the health care expenses are carried out by the general public. The main player of the Indian health sector is the private companies. This system of health care lacks a single scheme covering entire population. But there are health schemes but they are mostly for a specific section of the population (Gupta, 2015). In the UK, the health care services are under the NHS model which covers entire population as well as entire spectrum of health care services ranging from primary health care to long term and critical care. On the other hand In India there are various government organized programmes and centres but none of them cover the entire population or the entire array of health care services (UK-India partnership offers primary care promise, 2012). In UK, it is a norm to provide coordinated care. The patient first has to go to the GPs, who then can refer him to a specialist for further treatment. But in India, coordination of care is a rare incident. Anyone can directly go to any specialist without any prior reference. In the UK, pharmacies though privately owned, have contracts with the NHS to provide prescribed drugs. In India pharmacies are also private but they generally have no contracts with the government. Though these two countries have huge difference regarding the health care system, mutual coordination can help to achieve the goals of both the countries regarding the health care system because the main aim of the health care system is to provide the people with good health and wellness. To achieve the goal the counties with much higher resource should help the countries that are struggling with their health care services. References: Glouberman, S. (2014). Multimorbidity and our healthcare system. Healthcare Management Forum, 27(2), pp.52-55. Gulland, A. (2011). UK healthcare system is one of most efficient in rich countries. BMJ, 343(aug09 3), pp.d5143-d5143. Gupta, A. (2015). Health and Karma Global: Differences between Healthcare Systems of India and the UK. Healthandkarma.com. Available at: https://www.healthandkarma.com/2014/01/key-differences-between-healthcare.html [Accessed 15 Apr. 2015]. Pandve, H. and Pandve, T. (2013). Primary healthcare system in India: Evolution and challenges. Int J Health Syst Disaster Manage, 1(3), p.125. Peckham, S. (2014). Accountability in the UK Healthcare System: An Overview. hcpol, 10(SP), pp.154-162. Singh, C. (2013). Healthcare System in India: A Critical Evaluation. Public Affairs And Governance, 1(1), p.11. Slideshare.net, (2015). Indian Healthcare System An Overiew. [online] Available at: https://www.slideshare.net/drdivyahm/indian-healthcare-system-an-overiew. UK-India partnership offers primary care promise. (2012). Springer Healthcare News, 1(1).

Should Courts Seek the Original Meaning of the Constitution Essay Example

Should Courts Seek the Original Meaning of the Constitution? Essay The Constitution of the United States should is a flexible and dynamic document, that changes as the country it was framed for grows. This argument is not founded by what’s written in the constitution, but what’s absent. The framers were some of the greatest minds of the time period, and fabricated the constitution to protect those freedoms that had been denied to them by their former governments. These men however chose not to address how they wanted their words to be interpreted over time. They were some of the greatest scholars of the era but chose not to address a key issue such as how their base of their new found government should be interpreted. It makes the argument that it was not the framers intent for the constitution to be interpreted literally, they have simply written into the constitution. The simple fact that didn’t address the issue in the document makes their intention to have the document interpreted loosely not literally very clear. Putting aside the founder’s intentions for the document it would be unpractical to interpret the constitution literally word for word, then try and mold a government around it. The basic principles and ideals should be upheld, while adapting to the changes and needs of the country. The country has simply changed too much for the document to be interpreted word for word, and to do so would destroy its usefulness in our government. By not interpreting the constitution literally we allow it the ideals to adjust to our modern government. A good example of this is our traffic laws. We will write a custom essay sample on Should Courts Seek the Original Meaning of the Constitution? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Should Courts Seek the Original Meaning of the Constitution? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Should Courts Seek the Original Meaning of the Constitution? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Obviously, there wasn’t a single automobile in the world when the constitution was framed, so the subject of how the United States would govern traffic violations was left out. However in the eighth section it does establish congress’s rights including †To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States. † So while the document doesn’t state word for word that the United States will give DUI’s, it does entitle congress to pass laws that are in the best interest of its citizens. By interpreting the constitution this way it allows us to maintain the ideals engrained into the constitution, while adapting them to our modern needs in our government. Now obviously this allows thousands of debates over which points to interpret which ways, and how to maintain the ideals the constitution was founded upon. But once again, I think these arguments were foreseen by the framers of the constitution and not just allowed, but seen as necessary to maintain a moral government. By allowing the document to be debated and interpreted you draw in the morality of those who are debating it. In setting up a government that is constantly changing I believe the framers were taking a risk. They believed they were founding a moral and ethical country that throughout its existence would be run by just that, moral and ethical people. The founders new the interpretation of the constitution would become a subject of debate, just like any other legal document. By setting up the constitution to change with our government they entrusted the morality of the country into the individuals that would be called and those who elect them into office.

Free Essays on Humanity And Computers

Hiding behind a Computer Are computers and the Internet redefining human identity as people explore the boundaries of their personalities, adopt multiple selves, and form online relationships that can be more intense than real ones? Is the World Wide Web redefining our sense of community and where we find our peers? The answer is simple. An individual should not use a false identity to produce a life on the Internet. They should also avoid using an online life to influence their identity in real life. Gender swapping is one way which the Internet has the ability to change ones identity. There have been many cases where someone has logged onto the Internet, and they have presented their identity as the opposite sex from what they really are. There is no way of knowing what sex someone is when he or she is logged in. The net is made up of hundreds of thousands of separate communities, each with its own special character. It is difficult to eliminate a certain sex from a specific community when people have the power to disguise themselves. Communication in cyberspace lets people explore their personalities by creating new on-line personae. This seems to be the main concern for frequent Internet users. A significant observation is the amount of men that will log on as women. Jodi Obrien put it best when she states, "Many men say that a common motivation for logging on as a female is because they are fascinated by the unusual amount of attention they receive from other men when they ar e perceived as women" (echonyc.com/~women/Issue17/art-obrien.html). The one major concern that comes to mind is "cyber-rape." It is apparent what kind of effect this has on people when Amy Bruckman, a doctoral student in the MIT Media Laboratory, states, "Unwanted attention and sexual advances create an uncomfortable atmosphere for women in MUDs, just as they do in real life" (Bruckman, 101). A MUD is defined as a multi-user dungeon or a multi... Free Essays on Humanity And Computers Free Essays on Humanity And Computers Hiding behind a Computer Are computers and the Internet redefining human identity as people explore the boundaries of their personalities, adopt multiple selves, and form online relationships that can be more intense than real ones? Is the World Wide Web redefining our sense of community and where we find our peers? The answer is simple. An individual should not use a false identity to produce a life on the Internet. They should also avoid using an online life to influence their identity in real life. Gender swapping is one way which the Internet has the ability to change ones identity. There have been many cases where someone has logged onto the Internet, and they have presented their identity as the opposite sex from what they really are. There is no way of knowing what sex someone is when he or she is logged in. The net is made up of hundreds of thousands of separate communities, each with its own special character. It is difficult to eliminate a certain sex from a specific community when people have the power to disguise themselves. Communication in cyberspace lets people explore their personalities by creating new on-line personae. This seems to be the main concern for frequent Internet users. A significant observation is the amount of men that will log on as women. Jodi Obrien put it best when she states, "Many men say that a common motivation for logging on as a female is because they are fascinated by the unusual amount of attention they receive from other men when they ar e perceived as women" (echonyc.com/~women/Issue17/art-obrien.html). The one major concern that comes to mind is "cyber-rape." It is apparent what kind of effect this has on people when Amy Bruckman, a doctoral student in the MIT Media Laboratory, states, "Unwanted attention and sexual advances create an uncomfortable atmosphere for women in MUDs, just as they do in real life" (Bruckman, 101). A MUD is defined as a multi-user dungeon or a multi...

Modern Managers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Modern Managers - Essay Example Newman (1995) stated that a person's identity is not just a function of one's personal values and traits but it is also a function of the behavior and attitudes of people who have made a significant impact in their lives. As the other people's cultural values change, then their friends also do likewise. Newcomers to a business firm learn the appropriate roles and behaviors to become effective and participating members of that organization. Third, people who work together tend to share the same cultural values and ethics. Watson (1995) stated that a human grouping be it a school or the workplace shares a system of meanings which define what is good and bad and what are appropriate ways for members of that grouping to act and behave. Moreover, he also explained that being part of an occupation involves engagement on a regular basis in a part or the whole of a range of work tasks which are identified under a particular title by both those carrying out these tasks and by the general public. (Watson 2005). Fourth, a person's educational background has an impact on his socialization. The correspondence principle sets this general model - the higher you rise in education hierarchy, the better job you will get. However, the UK has fundamental inequalities in its educational system. The British students experience education not on the basis of merit but in terms of their ability to take a series of opportunities which is hugely dependent on their available resources. Only seven (7%) of the UK student population can afford to attend private schools. These students them move on to become Oxbridge students. About 100 schools (80% of them are private) provide almost one-third of all Oxbridge students. This inequality in education leads to other forms of inequalities such as social class, gender and ethnic groups. A way to expand educational opportunity to all would be to make university tuition fees affordable. In this sense, the students will be able to widen their participation. Fifth, managers who possess excellent social skills tend to succeed more. For instance, likeability is a valuable tool that complements crucial management skills such as the ability to communicate with employees, give inputs to senior management, interact with customers, and build effective teams. A manager who cultivates this skill is bound to become more successful. Customers are more likely to purchase products and services from someone they like. However, the value of being liked does not end with a job promotion.Moreover, managers may be required to communicate to corporate employees the specifics of a difficult company policy, A manager who learns how to become a genial salesperson and a good communicator will get better results. Managers need to learn the art of listening skills by listening more attentively to someone they like or to someone they merely tolerate.In order to be an effective manager, one must know several socialization skills. An important socialization skill is the recognition of the importance of getting along with others. Managers strive to be genuinely appreciated for who they are, how they act, and what they stand for. The linchpin of likeability is mutual respect which is based on the right attitude towards work and people, and then develops as managers work on providing the right communication climate, staying well-attuned to employee reactions, meeting or managing expectations, and seeking a balanced approach to issues.The second

Criminal Law Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Criminal Law - Coursework Example The first point of homicide is murder. The actus reus of mens rea was provided by Sir Edward Coke in the seventeenth century whereby he stated that the act is committed if the defendant ‘unlawfully killeth any reasonable creature in rerum natura under the Queen’s peace’. The definition of unlawfully does not include the killing of for example the use of reasonable force for self defence (Re a (Children)1. Clearly it can be seen that due to the substance overdose the child had died and therefore this is unlawful. As far as killeth is concerned that refers to the requirement that the acts of the defendant can be attributed to be a legal cause of death. Clearly the acts/omission of Thomas to inform his wife of the correct proportion had led to the death of the child. As far as killing of the reasonable creature in rerum natura is concerned it means that a human life is taken. Clearly this is satisfied as the child has died. Finally Queen’s peace means that it must have been within England and not the killing of an enemy at war. This can be seen to have been proved on the facts, as the child died in England.. Therefore on the facts the actus reus of murder has been satisfied. Intention discussed in Woollin and applied by Matthwes and Alleyne3 was described as defendants aim or purpose was to kill or cause grievous bodily harm or he know of such harm as being a virtually certain consequence of such an act, and any level below that of virtual certainty would not suffice. On the facts it is more than evident that Thomas clearly did not possess the intention nor was he virtually certain as the consequence. Thus it is quite clear that the mens rea for murder is not satisfied. As far as voluntary manslaughter is concerned it is not relevant to the facts at hand as there was neither provocation or was there any diminished responsibility. Thus voluntary manslaughter in respect of the facts will not be argued. The next step is that of

Globalization and Diversity and Its Effects on Organizational Behavior Essay

Globalization and Diversity and Its Effects on Organizational Behavior - Essay Example The main person responsible for coining the term globalization is considered to be Theodore Levitt. With the passage of time, the phenomenon has grown at a steady rate whereby the setting under which it is held is one that focuses on the global patterns related to the sociological findings. (Aase, 2004)The aspect of whether or not globalization is a newer form of western imperialism is manifested in the definition of the same word. Globalization, for that matter, is remarked as Internationalization since the nature of the two terms is on a worldwide scale more than anything else. West tries to exploit the basis of globalization which the third world countries could bring to the benefit of the developed nations. However, on the part of the two terms, the one thing common, however, is the fact that these have identified themselves well with the changing (and growing) trends, where most of these are credited on the shoulders of the World War II, after which there has been a resurgent ra t race nonetheless. Globalization is a phenomenon and it is one that is here to stay for long. The world has become a global village due to globalization and it is a good omen if seen in the proper perspectives. The impact of demographic diversities in a group means that more efforts are needed to be put in place so that each of the group members knows what his or her duty is and whether this person is communicated about the roles that are asked of him or her, both in the short term as well as the long run.

Cisco Prime and Wireshark Advantages and Disadvantages

Cisco Prime and Wireshark Advantages and Disadvantages Introduction to  Networking Tools Cisco Prime       Cisco Prime (formerly known as Cisco Works) is a network management tool that is Cisco proprietary. Prime is used for management such as monitoring, troubleshooting, configuration and administration of a network. This software allows for simpler control of the network. The monitoring and troubleshooting feature allows the network admin to immediately find and repair issues that arise throughout the network. In the image above, you can see the home screen of the Prime software. It contains important information such as the types of hardware within the network. As seen in the Admin section, the network administrator has access to network settings such as monitor and troubleshoot, notification settings, config settings, and much more. The GUI (graphical user interface) is very simple which makes it very easy to navigate through the settings. This is a useful layout for the admin as they can monitor the network with ease. You can also see a heat map of a building that uses Cisco Prime, the colours indicate the devices that are being used in the building, in the image we can see wireless access points. Advantages of using Cisco Prime: Allows for easier monitoring and troubleshooting Easy to understand and navigate the software which will increase productivity Real-time information about areas in the network Disadvantages of using Cisco Prime: Cisco proprietary, wont work for hardware from other vendors May be expensive Wireshark Wireshark is a software that analyses packets sent throughout a network. It will display each packet and the details within the packet. Network administrators use it to analyse the network and to troubleshoot an issue if they see a problem. Wireshark has many capabilities, some of the key features are that it can catch packets in a real-time network. It can also save packets and the packets are laid out on a very clear GUI. Network admins can use Wireshark to identify and troubleshoot problems throughout the network by searching through the packets. As you can see in the image above, this is what Wireshark looks like in a live network. We can see packets travelling through the network from the Source and Destination addresses. The Protocol column shows us which protocol is being used within the packet and further information about it. This is extremely useful for network administrators as they can clearly see the packet in detail and easily identify a problem. Advantages of using Wireshark: Free software Available for multiple platforms Windows UNIX Can see detailed information about packets within a network Not proprietary can be used on multiple vendors unlike Cisco Prime Disadvantages of using Wireshark: Notifications will not make it evident if there is an intrusion in the network Can only gather information from the network, cannot send I will be interrogating a network and I will report my findings. I will be testing the devices in the topology and check if they can all communicate with each other. In the topology below, you can see that there are three sub-networks. Firstly, I will be testing communication between the separate networks in the topology. I will be attempting to access PC3 from PC1. To do these I will access the Command Prompt from PC1. To access this, go to Start > search cmd or command prompt in Windows 10. Once you have opened the command prompt, you will come across a black screen. To find out the IP address, subnet mask and default gateway you should issue the ipconfig command. PC1 output above The output above is from PC1 on the 172.31.1.0/25 network. I will now need to check the IP address for PC2 and PC3, I will be doing this because if I can successfully ping those two host computers that means all the networks are connected to each other and can communicate. PC2 output above PC3 output above Now that I know the IP addresses for PC2 and PC3, I can now attempt to ping them from PC1 to check if they can communicate with each other. I issue the ping 172.31.0.254 command on PC1 command prompt and as we can see below, the pings were successful. However, you may notice that the first ping timed out, that is because the packet sent an ARP request for the next-hop. The output shows us that PC1 is now able to communicate with PC2. PC1 pings PC2 Now I will try to ping PC3 from PC1 to see if the hosts can communicate with one another. Again, just like PC1 to PC2, I will issue the ping command along with the IP address of the PC3 host. As we can see in the output, the pings were unsuccessful. This means that the hosts cannot communicate with each other. PC1 ping PC3 As we can see in the output below, I used the tracert command. This command is used to follow the path of the packet. What we learn from the command is that the packet times out at the 172.31.1.198 IP address. To troubleshoot the issue, I will locate the IP address and check the device connected to it. PC1 tracert to PC3 We know from the topology that R3 is connected to the 172.31.1.196/30 ¸and 172.31.1.198 is a part of this network. I will go into the router and check the interfaces to verify which interface it belongs to. Router 3 in the topology To do this, I will use a program called PuTTY and telnet into the router. Telnet is a networking protocol that allows a user to remotely access a device on the network. Once in the R3 router, I issue the show ip interface brief command. From the output, we can see that the interface that connects to the switch, GigabitEthernet0/1, is down. We know that this is the interface that belongs to the interface because the IP address of the GigabitEthernet0/0 belongs to the default gateway. The reason the PC cannot communicate with outside networks is because the switchs G0/1 interface is down so it cannot forward the frame to the router. R3 output shown above To tackle this problem, I will go into the configuration of the G0/1s interface and change the status from down to up. This enables the interface to communicate and process information. As we can see in the output below, I entered the configuration mode for the interface and switched it on. To verify, I will ping the PC1 host from PC3. Enabling the G0/1 interface on R3 The pings were received successfully on R1. We have entered multiple devices in the networks and by doing this we have learned information about the network. PC3 pings PC1 By using the command prompt I was able to find the status of the devices in this network.    This section will be about maintenance in a network that will need to be carried out frequently for the network to run efficiently. In this section, I will be showing how to create and delete a user account on Windows 10. Firstly, from the Start menu go to Control Panel or alternatively, type Control Panel in the search bar. Once it has opened, select the User Accounts section. From that section select the Add or remove user accounts option. Once you have entered the next window, click on Add a new user in PC settings to create a new user. This will direct you to PC settings. Now that you are in PC settings, select Add someone else to this PC. This will require the new users email address or phone number to create an account with their Microsoft account. Once you have created the account, it will look like this. You will be presented with the option Change account type which will allow you to change the account type. You can give the user administrator rights or leave it as the default setting standard user. You can remove the account as easy as it was to create it. You can simply press the remove button. There are many antivirus software applications that can be used. I have chosen McAfee LiveSafe to scan this PC. The interface is very simple and easy to use. Firstly, I launch the application from the Start menu. Secondly, I click the Virus and Spyware Protection section. Within this section, you can see the date of the last scan and the next scheduled scan. This is very useful as it automatically does scheduled scans to protect your PC. To manually scan your PC, click the Scan your PC option. Once you click it, you can choose to run a quick scan, full scan or a custom scan. Once a full scan is done it will look like this. It outlines how many issues were found and how many files it searched. If any viruses were found it would automatically remove them from the PC. Backup File backup is crucial for every PC because if any of the files become corrupt or are deleted, they will be saved. This is very important in businesses and personal computers as people must keep their files safe in case of any damage. This can be done very easily on Windows 10. Firstly, go to Settings, then Update security, from this section there is a Backup section. Once you are in the Backup section, click More options and select See advanced settings. From the File History window, once you plug in an external hard drive, you can select a folder to backup from. This will then give you the option to select how often you want it to backup your files. Restore To restore a backup that you saved onto a hard drive, return to File History so you can restore your files using the Restore personal files option on the sidebar. Once it has opened you will be able to select the files you had backed up and restore them to a drive on your computer. How to keep it secure VPN access: A VPN (Virtual Private Network) allows companies connect their branches from all over the world. VPN is a network used through the internet that allows a private connection between users. You can keep information within this network secure by configuring a password and encrypting it on both ends. This will not allow people to see what is going on in the network unless they have the password.  

John Steinbecks East of Eden - Religious References :: East Eden Essays

Religious References in East of Eden Religion constantly appears throughout Steinbeck's East of Eden. Among these religious appearances are the similarities between the Cain and Abel story and the characters, the Hebrew word timshel, and the presence of God/Fate in the novel. First, East of Eden is a reenactment of the Cain and Abel tale. Many similarities are seen between the two. The title East of Eden comes from the biblical tale when " 'Cain went out from the presence of the Lord and dwelt in the land of Nod on the east of Eden' " (Steinbeck 352). The relationship between Abel and Cain, who killed Abel, is similar to those of Adam and Charles, who once tried to kill Adam, and Aron and Caleb, who informed Aron of their mother's profession, an act which led to Aron's death in World War I. Charles and Caleb fight for their fathers' affections in the same way in which Cain fought with Abel over the Lord's attention. Also in the novel, "the Cain characters ... are identified by names beginning with "C" (Cyrus, Charles, Cathy, Caleb) and the Abel characters ... with "A" (Alice, Adam, Aron, Abra)" (Lisca 269). Next is the word timshel-- thou mayest-- a Hebrew word spoken to Cain by the Lord: " 'if thou doest not well, sin lieth at the door. And unto thee shall be his desire, and thou shalt rule over him' " (Steinbeck 351). Lee discovers that the verb in this passage has been translated as both thou shalt [rule over evil] and do thou [rule over evil].With the help of his Chinese elders and a Jewish Rabbi, Lee determines that the original meaning is thou mayest-- "the word timshel ... gives a choice" (398) or free will to mankind to commit good or evil acts. This word appears often in the novel and is important at the very end where Adam's final timshel blesses and forgives Caleb and reminds him that even after his "murder of his brother ... he can still choose his course and fight it through and win", meaning Caleb still has the chance to overcome the tendency for evil which he believes he has inherited form his mother. (Gribben 96) One of the novel's epiphanies is Lee's translation of timshel to thou mayest. This translation puts choice into man's destiny. According to this view, we are not condemned; we have a choice between good and evil.